Advises for incoming Freshman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advises for incoming Freshman - Essay Example However, it offers opportunities for growth and perfection through its dynamic nature. For starters, at a university level, the course borrows many ideas from high school thereby requiring students to maintain an attentive personality with the capability to conceptualize ideas and therefore develop them with time (Evans 31). Additionally, writing is secondary to other discipline. Depending on the different writing categories that one may choose to develop interest in, primary information on the subject is paramount. The discipline therefore relies on other primary knowledge and skills such as interviewing skill and research skills which are two important skills in the information gathering process. Writing in collage is more advanced than the high school. While in high school students learn the basics to writing and developing their grammatical prowess, the collage writing goes beyond the ability to construct effective sentences and extends to the development of constructive sentence s that communicate effectively. Additionally, in college students major in smaller sub categories within writing such as fictional writing and plays among many others (Duras 12). Each of these requires different category of writing skill and specific knowledge to perfect. It is at collages that students develop such patient aspects of writing thereby developing careers out of their passions nurtured in high schools. Besides the obvious difference, high school plays an integral role in the development of effective writers since it is at this stage that students identify their skills and writing abilities. Writing, just as stated earlier, is an art and therefore relies on interests and the abilities of the students. High school helps students identify their abilities and interests thereby giving them opportunities to express and develop. Majoring in writing presents the students with different opportunities through which they can develop their careers. The course has a number of major ing options key among which include fictional, scientific, play writing and poetry among others. The course gives its majors an interesting introduction with a basic elaboration of each of the major options. At the elementary stages of the course, students study generally often trying their interests in the different majoring options. The course introduces the students to the different requirements for majoring in the different career options. It further compels students to choose from the different major options thereby encouraging specialization. Specialization is a process through which students develop careers in the specific elements of the course that they portray their best abilities and interest in. However, writing is relative and some students portray interest in more than one major option. The course gives the students the freedom to major in different options thereby creating dynamic writers with multiple skills. Different classes use writing differently. The course is c losely related to journalism, which is also a writing major. However, journalists report facts to their audiences who portray different abilities. They therefore write in a particular conventional manner that improves readability among their diverse readers. This type of writing differs with writing stories such as fictional narratives, poetry and scientific writing since unlike in journalism, the other writers have specific audiences. Writers therefore often consider their audience in developing their pieces. This implies that writing is diverse; everybody with knowledge can possibly write. However, professional writers possess knowledge and portray this by first understanding their audiences and therefore developing pieces that are

Considerations for Child Development - Middle Childhood Essay Example for Free

Considerations for Child Development Middle Childhood Essay Physical development is concerned with the biological changes of the body and the brain. It includes genetics, a foetus’s growth in the mother’s womb, the birth process, brain development and the acquisition of fine motor skills; it also encompasses behaviours that promote and impede health and environmental factors that influence physical growth. (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 5). I have chosen to evaluate the physical developmental stage of middle childhood, children the ages of six to ten years of age. This essay discusses the considerations for physical development and how it can be supported in the learning environment. It will look at motor development and its influences, the benefits of physical activity, and the consequences of inactivity. How a student’s physical development can facilitate or restrict development in other areas, and how we can support the physical needs and development of students. Read more:  Factors that influence child development essay Generally, children will develop their motor skills at them same time in life, however there are other factors that influence this development e. . a child’s environmental influences, (nurture) and also inherited characteristics and tendencies (nature). There are many things a teacher can do to facilitate a student’s basic cognitive process, they can help children pay attention to things that are important for them to remember; e. g. completing homework tasks, throwing litter in the bin, raising their hand and waiting before they speak in class. Introducing new information to the students existing knowledge will help them to continue to improve and learn. In middle childhood, children start to improve further on their fine motor skills, their handwriting becomes smaller, smoother and more consistent, and they will also start to participate in such fine motor activities as sewing, model building and arts and crafts projects. They will also intensify their speed, and coordination in running kicking, catching and dribbling. (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 161) In the case of infants and young children, teachers should try to provide a variety of sensory experiences, to facilitate a student’s motor development. It is very important to gain a balance of physical activity as well as class room work for a healthy all round child of this age group. Regular physical activity can benefit students by actually increasing their attention to more cognitively demanding tasks (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 172), in most cases if a child has a chance to be active and move around, they may be better able to prepare and settle into their theory work. Sport is another way that physical activity can benefit children. During Middle Childhood children begin to be more interested and start to excel in sport and athletics. Both organised and individual sports can be a good way to help maintain and enhance a child’s physical strength, endurance and agility. It can also promote social development by fostering communication, cooperation, and leadership skills (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 171). ‘The reality is that appearance is influential in social relationships, and it does affect how children feel about themselves’ (Chu, 2000; Dohnt Tiggermann, 2006b; Harter, 1999. ). Regular physical activity can help improve a child’s fitness, and help to maintain their weight and physical appearance, therefore making them feel better about themselves. Prolonged inactivity can result in weight gain, therefore effecting a student’s social emotional development. Being overweight or obese is a serious health risk in childhood. It predicts health problems in adulthood (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 189). Prolonged inactivity can cause lack of motivation and a decline in a child’s self-confidence. This is particularly important as during Middle Childhood, children start to develop friendships and internalise many of society’s rules and prohibitions (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 29). If a child fails to be physically active on a regular basis, e. g. staying indoors and watching television or playing computer games all day, it can restrict them from being social and forming important relationships and friendships. Prolonged physical inactivity can also affect a child’s concentration and participation during learning tasks. Over a period of time this could result in poor academic results. During middle childhood, children place great emphasis on the development of their own physical ability (parenting and child health, â€Å"http:/www. cyh. com/HealthTopics†). It is important as a teacher to try to focus on a student’s individual needs, encourage them to compete against themselves rather than their peers; this will help promote good self-confidence and will have an all-round good effect on other areas of their development. The rate of development differs considerably with differences partly the result of genetic diversity (nature), and partly a result of personal choices and environment (nurture) (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 176). If a child is brought up in an environment that promotes healthy eating and exercise they will generally be in better physical state of health. Physical development can also promote social-emotional development by fostering communication; cooperation and leadership skills (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 171); this can affect the child by making them feel more confident, motivated and be better prepared to form social relationships. However, for a child who does not have regular access to a healthy diet and a safe place for physical activity, this can lead to weight gain and obesity therefore restricting their social-emotional development, lowering their self-esteem, motivation and restricting their ability to form social relationship and friendships. A child’s motor skills can also be restricted by a lack of environmental support, if they are not provided with ample opportunity to practice their motor skills, whether it be through organised sport activities, or regular practice with mum or dad, they can fall behind on mastering these skills and allowing more complex skills to emerge (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 176). It is important for a child to have a good balance both in school and at home and in their community, with both learning and physical activities. Physical activity is essential for children, you can help to facilitate this by being pro-active, trying to provide frequent opportunities for students to be physically active through the day, e. g. break up theory work with a few minutes of physical movement, this will help them to better concentrate on the next learning task. Aim to make exercise challenging, but enjoyable, change team members around frequently to ensure all students are equally participating and try to provide all children with a role. Providing a safe environment and ensuring children use appropriate equipment for their age will help to minimise the risk of injury (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 185). In the case of a teacher having a student with special needs, providing they have permission, they should educate the other students on their condition and explain the nature of the disability; this will help the other children to be more accepting. There are many things a teacher can do to accommodate and support the physical needs and development of students. It is important to encourage every child to participate in all activities to the fullest extent possible, in a practice called inclusion; children with special needs joined their non-disabled peers in everyday school activities (Logan, Alberto, Kana Waylor-Bowen, 1994; Sailsbury, Evans, Palombaro, 1997). Engaging with parents and guardians can help give a teacher insight and suggestions into any adjustments that would help the child participate more fully in activities (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 185). In middle childhood, children are increasingly comparing and often critical of themselves and their peers, a teacher should try to focus on and meet a student’s individual needs and aim for them to be competitive with themselves, rather than their peers e. g. aiming to beat their personal best score or time. This will help boost their confidence and give them a drive to do better next time. Thoughtful attention to children’s physical needs can enhance children’s health, well-being, and ability to focus on their schoolwork. Such short-term effects pay dividends for future health, because good habits in childhood pave the way to health living later in life (McDevitt Ormrod, 2010, p. 186). It is always important for a teacher to pay such close attention to the children’s needs due to the fact that the impact of either class room learning or physical activity can both heavily shape their futures, or take from their quality of life in the future. In summary, for the Middle Childhood developmental stage that has been selected for the purpose of this assignment, there are many considerations for physical development and how the physical needs of students in the learning environment can be accommodated. A teacher can promote self –esteem and self-confidence making and engage with parents and guardians in order to successfully aid the child. Children can display a decline in self-confidence; this can be identified particularly in a child who does not have regular access to a healthy diet and a safe place for physical activity. It is therefore paramount to a child’s development that a teacher does actively encourage every child to participate in all activities to the fullest extent possible. It is in the best interest of the children for the teacher to incorporate a healthy balance of physical activity in with academic activity.

Veracity Problem: A Review of Various PageRanking Algorithms

Veracity Problem: A Review of Various PageRanking Algorithms Abstract Enormous availability of web pages containing information leaves user in confusion of which webpage to trust and which link provides the right information. This paper provides a survey of the most relevant studies carried out in regard of ranking web pages. First, it introduces the problem of â€Å"Veracity† , conformity to truth. It then goes on to list the most common algorithms that have been used to resolve the problem of conformity to truth. Finally, this analysis provides a way to guide future research in this field. Keywords: Trustworthiness, ranking Introduction The world wide web has become the most important information source. Everyone uses WWW for searching any information about any particular thing or keyword. It is very common that the results we obtain provide a lot of useless pages. Different websites generally provide conflicting information about same object. It becomes quite difficult to decide about the correctness of information we get from search engines. In most cases, users believe that the topmost links provided by any search engine provide trustworthy results without regard to exceptions. But there is no surity for the accuracy of information present on the internet. Moreover, various websites generally provide inconsistent and conflicting information for same object, like different specifications for same product. For instance a user is interested in knowing the height of Mount Everest and queries the search engine with â€Å"The height of Mount Everest is?† Among the top results, user will find the following facts: some websites say 29,055 feet, other websites say 29,028 feet, another one says 29,002 feet, and rest say 29,027 feet. It becomes difficult to decide which answer is correct and which fact should user trust?[1] . The question is how to decide the right information and how to decide the trustworthiness of any website. The problem is known as ‘Veracity’. It becomes quite difficult for the user to decide which website to trust for the correctness of information. The resultant pages of any search engine must be ranked according to decreasing level of trustworthiness. To resolve this problem, different algorithms have been developed. The existing algorithm Page Rank which is used by Google, uses link structure of the web page[2]. Another algorithm exists known as Weighted PageRank(WPR) Algorithm. It assigns larger rank values to more popular webpages rather than dividing the rank value of a webpage evenly among its outlink pages[3]. Each outlink page gets a value corresponding to its popularity (count of inlinks and outlinks). Voting is another approach to rank web pages which uses the count of votes from one webpage to another and ranks webpages with respect to the count results. Authority-Hub analysis is also used for ranking webpages. It works on the idea of high authorities and popularity of websites. These approaches identify important web pages as per user’s interest but popularity of webpages does not guarantee accuracy of information. A less popular website may provide more useful and accurate information as compared to more popular websites. All of them use iterative approaches, in which same trustworthiness value is given to all data sources, and iteratively evaluate the confidence of every fact and then propagate back to the data sources. Tagrank, Distancerank, Timerank, Relation based algorithm, Weighted link rank. This paper surveys the most relevant algorithms proposed in this field as solution to the problem of ranking the web pages. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 1 discusses different techniques for ranking web pages. Section 2 presents the analysis and section 3 contains a brief conclusion. Techniques for Ranking Web Pages: 2.1 PageRank: PageRank is a method of measuring a pages â€Å"significance†[2]. PageRank is based on the idea that good pages always reference good pages. PageRank’s theory says that if Page A links to Page B, then that link is counted as one vote for page B. If any link pointing to a page is important then it is counted as a strong vote. If links pointing to a page are important then the outlinks of that page also become important. Fig1 : A and B are backlinks of C In this figure, A and B are backlinks of C and C is the backlink of D and E. Assume A, B, C and D are four webpages. Self links or multiple links from one page to another page, are ignored. Initially same PageRank value is assigned to all pages. Originally in PageRank, the total number of webpages was the sum of PageRank over all pages. However, advanced versions of PageRank use a  probability distribution between 0 and 1. Hence the initial value for each page mentioned above is 0.25. In the next iteration the PageRank is transferred from a given page to its outbound links is equally divided among them. If in the system links were from pagesB,C, andDtoA then each link would transfer probability distribution of 0.25 PageRank toAon next iteration, for a total of 0.75. PR(A) = PR(B)+PR(C)+PR(D) = + + In general case, for any page u the PageRank value can be stated as: L(v) number of outlinks of pagev. Bu set containing all pages that links to pageu. The PageRank value for a pageuis dependent on the PageRank values for each pagevcontained in the setBu, divided by the numberL(v) of outlinks of pagev. 2.2 Weighted Pagerank: WPR algorithm is an extension to the ordinary PageRank algorithm. Limitation of existing algorithms HITS and PageRank is that both algorithms deal all links uniformly when distributing rank scores[3]. WPR considers the significance of both inlinks and outlinks of the webpages and on the basis of popularity of pages, the rank scores are distributed. PageRank algorithm divides the rank values of any page evenly amongst its outlink pages, while WPR assigns higher rank values to more popular webpages. Considering the significance of webpages, the original PageRank equation is modified as [3]: [4] 2.3 Distancerank: Distancerank is an intelligent ranking algorithm proposed by Ali Mohammad Zareh Bidoki and Nasser Yazdani[11]. This algorithm is based on reinforcement learning such that the distance between pages is considered as a punishment factor. The distance is defined as the number of ‘‘average clicks’’ between two pages. The distance dj of page j is computed as : +ÃŽ ±*mini(log(O(i))+di)[11] where i is a member of pages that point to j and O(i) shows out degree of i and a is the learning rate of the user[1]. 2.4 Hyperlink Induced Topic Search (HITS): The HITS algorithm is also known as â€Å"hubs and authorities† is a link analysis algorithm. HITS divides the sites of a query between â€Å"hubs† and â€Å"authorities† for ranking webpages. Links to authorities are contained in hubs, while hubs point to authorities [6]. Hubs Authorities HITS assigns two values to a webpage: a hub weight and an authority weight. These weights are defined recursively. A high authority weight occurs if webpages with high hub weights are pointing it. Similarly, a higher hub weight occurs if the webpage points to large webpages with high authority weights. Thus, itidentifies good authorities and hubs for any query. HITS works on the concept that if the creator of webpage p has a link to webpage q then p has some authority on q[6]. 2.5 TimeRank: Time Rank algorithm proposed by H Jiang et al improves the rank score of web pages by using the visit time of web pages. This algorithm is supposed to be a combination of link structure and content[9]. Pr (T(i)|q) = Pr (T(i)) + Pr (q|T(i)) Ti à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ® means topic i of each page. Pr (T (i)) means the section of pages belonging to topic i in the whole page set. Pr (Ti | q) means the probability of query q related to topic i. 2.6 Web Page Ranking using link attributes: Weighted Links Rank (WLRank) assigns the value R(i), known as Ranking value, to page i with the following equations[12]: Where, given a link from page j to page i we have: L(j; i) 1 if the link exists, 0 otherwise, c a constant that gives a base weight to every link, T(j; i) a value which depends on the tag where the link is put in, AL(j; i) the anchor text length of the link divided by a constant d, and RP(j; i) the relative position of the link in the page weighted by a constant b. Analysis: Different algorithms for ranking webpages have been studied and the analysis is presented in the following table: References: [1] X. Yin, J. Han, and P. S. Yu, â€Å"Truth Discovery with Multiple Conflicting Information Providers on the Web†, IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 6, June 2008. [2] C. Ridings and M. Shishigin, â€Å"Pagerank Uncovered†, Technical Report, 2002. [3]Wenpu Xing and Ali Ghorbani, â€Å"Weighted PageRank Algorithm†, In proceedings of the 2rd Annual Conference on Communication Networks Services Research, PP. 305-314, 2004. [4]Wenpu Xing and Ali Ghorbani, â€Å"Weighted PageRank Algorithm†, In proceedings of the 2rd Annual Conference on Communication Networks Services Research, PP. 305-314, 2004. [5] Geeta R. Bharamagoudar , Shashikumar G.Totad and Prasad Reddy PVGD, â€Å" Literature Survey on Web Mining† IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering ,Issue 4 (Sep-Oct. 2012). [6] Jon Kleinberg, â€Å"Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment†, In proceedings of the ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 1998. [7] Lin-Tao Lv, Li-Ping Chen, Hong-Fang Zhou, An improved topic relevance algorithm for vertical search engines, ICWAPR 08, Hong Kong, pp. 753-757, Aug 2008. [8] H Jiang et al., TIMERANK: A Method of Improving Ranking Scores by Visited Time, In proceedings of the Seventh International  Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Kunming, 12-15 July 2008. [9] S. Chakrabarti, B. Dom, D. Gibson, J. Kleinberg, R. Kumar, P.Raghavan, S. Rajagopalan, A. Tomkins, â€Å"Mining the Link Structure of the World Wide Web†, IEEE Computer Society Press, Vol 32, Issue 8 pp. 60 – 67, 1999. [10] Fabrizio Lamberti, Andrea Sanna and Claudio Demartini , â€Å"A Relation-Based Page Rank Algorithm for. Semantic Web Search Engines†, In IEEE Transaction of KDE, Vol. 21, No. 1, Jan 2009. [11] Ali Mohammad Zareh Bidoki and Nasser Yazdani, â€Å"DistanceRank: An Iintelligent Ranking Algorithm for Web Pages†, Information Processing and Management, 2007. [12] Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Emilio Davis ,Web page ranking using link attributes , In proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference on Alternate track papers posters, PP.328-329, 2004. [13] Milan Vojnovic et al., â€Å"Ranking and Suggesting Popular Items†, In IEEE Transaction of KDE, Vol. 21, No. 8, Aug 2009. [14] Fang Liu, Clement Yu, Weiyi Meng, â€Å"Personalized Web Search for Improving Retrieval Effectiveness†, IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering, 16 (1) January 2004. [15] Gr ´egoire Burel, Amparo E. Cano, Matthew Rowe, and Alfonso Sosa â€Å"Representing, Proving and Sharing Trustworthiness of Web Resources Using Veracity† Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.

The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass :: Narrative Life Frederick Douglass

The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass shows several instances in which his personal accounts of slavery are highlighted. These instances illustrate important realizations that Douglass makes concerning slavery, and/or about his own condition. The very first chapter of the novel produces the first example: loss of identity. Many slaves had absolutely no concept of time, in terms of factual dates. Slaves were kept "ignorant" as to the facts of the real world, in most cases not even knowing the year of their birth, preventing the knowledge of a captive's true age. A birthday is something with which people can identify, as they are a celebrated part of our culture, especially to youth. Douglass here identifies himself as a human being lacking what we may consider a normal childhood simply through the use of dates. We identify ourselves by the dates which surround the events of our lives. Part of our identity is formed from dates and this was a privilege he was denied. He is, however, provided with a general idea as to how old he truly is, " I come to this from hearing my master say, some time during 1835, I was about seventeen years old" (Douglass 1). Adding to this already tarnished identity is the status of his parental figures. While Douglass somewhat got to know his mother, he never really had a father. His father, according to practically everyone, was a white man, ."..opinion was also whispered that my master was my father..." (1). Although it is true that he knew his mother, it must be noted that they were separated while he was an infant and thereafter only met a total of four or five times. The consequences of not knowing who you really are may not have phased Douglass much during his childhood. However as he grew older and began to understand how the politics of slavery work, there is no doubt that this lack of principle human right (to which everyone should be entitled) certainly motivated Douglass towards achieving his goal of freedom. A major fear amongst slave owners is that their slaves will learn to read and write.

Comedy in Educating Rita

Aristotle said that comedy is an imitation of inferior people'. How far do you think that this applies to the character of Rata in the play ‘Educating Rata? Educating Rata Is a play that uses the colloquialism of the mall protagonist, Rata, to create the comedy element for the audience when she Is being tutored by Frank, an untypical university lecturer who works In the setting of sass's northern England. In interpreting the characteristics of Rata, it can be identified that comedy is indeed an imitation of inferior people as highlighted by Aristotle who seemed to signify the inferior of society as those who weren't of royal or noble birth.Including Rata, the two main protagonists of this play could be classed as inferior because of them not belonging where they should. As Frank is a middle class university lecturer, he should be considered a financially comfortable and sophisticated man due to his social class. Educated people of his social class were typically expected to vis it the theatre and enjoy sports. They were also expected to watch the BBC, the comment ‘It's all BBC with you Isn't It? ‘ portrays Rite's Idea of Franks class and the typical actively f his class.As Frank has a problem with alcoholism, he Sins the normal middle-class lecturer; he Is Instead used to expose the deterioration he sees within the education system of England at this time. Russell uses Franks alcoholism to bring out the comedy in the first act of the play. Franks alcoholism is humorous to the audience because of it being so unexpected due to his class and career. In Act One, Frank recites famous classical authors before finding his alcohol, Where the hell..?Eliot? No. ‘E'. ‘E'. Dickens. ‘ This portrays his apparent loathing for the education system by sing the literature on his bookshelf to hide his alcohol, but also shows the depth of his alcohol problem because of him having to conceal it. He does this by the mocking of classical literary wo rks and he also mocks the students within the education system when discussing the window in his room, Frank says ‘l sometimes get an urge to throw something out of It†¦ A student usually.This portrays his distaste for his career and this problem separates him from the rest of his social class, It therefore classes him as someone who Is Inferior. He could also be considered Inferior because f his aversion to the education system and this causes him to again be different from a normal academic figure from sass's England. Rite's character has more than one dimension to the contemporary audience. Although the majority of the audience watching this play would have been middle class, they would admire Rata due to her level of determination to gain an education.This admiration could come from her being a female and the rise of feminism in the sass's, the popularity of plays such as ‘Top Girls' by Carry Churchill which had many feminist ideals within it could be linked to aspects of Rite's character. Throughout the first act of the play the comedy elements come from Rite's misinterpretations. This enhances her working class mind- set to the audience and gives them more of an analysis of the comedy within Rata, due to her Interpretations and how they differ from Frank.One of these misinterpretations Is when Frank shows her a picture on the wall that she observes by saying, ‘look at those its', whereas Frank believes it to be beautiful piece of need for a choice within working class life. She is desperate to escape from the normal class of her social group and doesn't feel like she belongs there. She goes against her husband to gain what she wants and consequently takes power over her own life, ‘he can burn all me books but he can't burn what's up here' shows this to the audience.This choice she will gain separates her from what Aristotle considered inferior. As Rata progresses to better herself, she also progresses to become more like Fran k and middle class, but by the end probably doesn't belong there either, ‘I'm a freak signifies her opinion of herself. Rata will never belong in either class, as she is too educated for her own class but her lack of an ascribed status creates a difference between her and the middle class.This creates empathy from the audience as she has no real identity; she is inferior in both classes and will never be considered superior. The determination of Rata to progress beyond her own class now changes the mockery once used by the audience towards her character into awe and admiration. Rite's lack of real identity is also signified as she changes her name to match that of an author before we meet her in Act One. She is borrowing someone else's identity because her own identity is so confused by her not knowing where she belongs.Her choice of author to correct her working class name, ‘Rata Mae Brown' also creates comedy and a mockery of her class because of this author not being renowned at all in terms of literary status. This again signifies her lack of belonging within the middle class. In Act Two, Frank himself mocks her for her lack of known identity, What is it now then? Virginia? Or Charlotte? Or Jane? Or Emily? This represents the breakdown of their relationship due to Rite's new status. This significance of Rata having no identity could imply Rata is inferior in her own head, ‘I'm a freak, but is still not inferior to the audience.Elder Olson said that ‘comedy resides not in events but in the view taken of them'. This suggests that comedy isn't created through the events that occur but in the audience's perception of these events. This applies when Rata quits smoking, possibly to improve her health, whilst bettering her education. This shows us how serious her intent is on bettering her life and her determination for this and this makes us view her as being superior in terms of strength and determination.However, in Act Two, after she h as gained an insight into academic education through summer school, Rata takes up smoking again, but due to her rise in self-confidence and class, it now seems like a sophisticated element of middle class life. Smoking no longer seems a habit of the working class, ‘She is wrapped in a large winter coat. She lights a cigarette'. Rite's change in clothing and the cigarette portray the change in her. The audience's perception of Rata has now changed and signifies her superiority to her former self.This indicates to me that she is not an inferior character in this play. As this play is set in the sass's, the issues presented were more acceptable than they are to a modern day audience. One of these issues is the controlling relationship between Rata and her husband, Denny. Although we never actually meet Denny, the audience can infer his personality wrought Rite's description. While Rata wants to gain an education, Denny wants to settle down and start a family, ‘l told him I' d only have a baby when I had choice'.To Rata, this ‘choice' is all that matters, and with Denny controlling her, this choice is more limited than ever before. This type of relationship was not uncommon in the role, especially in working class British society. This means that an audience of that time would find this more socially acceptable, but looking at it from a current perspective, this would be considered wrong due to society being perceived as more equal now. This is also similar with the issue of Franks alcoholism, as this was more accepted then, now it is considered a social problem within society.The issues presented by Rata show her not to be an inferior character as she removes herself from her controlling marriage and her determination to gain a ‘choice' culminates in success. Using a different viewpoint, I believe Rata completely goes against Aristotle theory of comedy being an imitation of inferior people. The characterization of Rata is not that of someon e that is inferior, but is in fact someone who is elevated above the inferior but is not yet considered superior. Her willpower to improve herself does not follow that of someone who would be classed as inferior.The fact she is ‘on the pill again' when her husband wants to settle down and start a family shows how independent and strong she is as a woman and she does not allow herself to be controlled. I think an audience at the time the play was written would have admired her need to take control of her own life, even though they would be largely middle class. At the time of the play being written, Margaret Thatcher had Just come into power and she spoke of attaining more than you were expected to achieve. I think Hess ideals of Margaret Thatcher may have inspired Wily Russell when creating the protagonist, Rata.Through analyzing Aristotle theory, I can deduct that the character of Rata is not inferior. In fact I think the determination shown by Rata in the play, leads me to b elieve that she would be considered superior to a contemporary audience as she elevates herself not only above her own class but also above the middle class through her necessity to better herself. She does not succumb to the traits classically portrayed by the middle class and therefore I feel that claiming her as inferior is not doing Rite's emotion and character Justice.

Whats Wrong With The Military Budget Essays - Arms Control

What's Wrong With The Military Budget Essays - Arms Control What's Wrong With The Military Budget Jerry Batorski English II Honors Whats Wrong With The Military Budget? The cold war is over so we dont need to spend so much money on the military, many people say after the military budget grows each year. That is an understandable statement to say, backed with much evidence of misuse in the government. Money in the military is sometimes used on useless things that just cost an incredible amount, but serve no practical use. The budget needs to cut back in certain areas such as buying new weapons and researching new weapon technologies. The current military budget is approximately $291 billion dollars and that is not even enough to satisfy what the military requests, which is $305 billion dollars(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/dodbud01.html). The fact that the new President is increasing the military budget, by some 3 billion dollars and more to come later in his presidency, is almost shocking(CNN News). The military does not need more money, as much as they need to reallocate the money they are currently spending. For instance plans are being drawn up to update out dated weapons with new technologically superior ones. These include buying close to 1,200 RAH-66 Comanche attack helicopters at a cost of $48 billion and 339 F-22s at a cost of $63.8 billion (the stealth technology that makes these planes so expensive will be out of date in a few years)( clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). A self-propelled howitzer, the Crusader, is being developed at a cost of $13 billion and when development is complete the army plans t o purchase 440 of them at an unknown price(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The president has requested $4.377 billion for fiscal year 2001 for the CVN-77 Nimitz class carrier, being the eighth one in our Navys fleet(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). To add to the carriers construction, a small fleet has to be built to protect it, the ships included are several cruisers and destroyers and often an attack submarine, plus other refueling and maintenance ships. Another attack submarine is being built at a cost of $13.1 billion, in order to preserve submarine manufacturing skills at Groton, CT(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). Lastly, the LHD-8 Wasp Class Helicopter Carrier will begin construction this year for $1.5 billion(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The numbers and money involved are overwhelming, but do we really need all this? We currently have the most powerful military force in the world with the most technologically advanced weaponry. So why are we spending even more money to improve our forces? Most of its politics, adding to the pork they say in Washington. Pork is a term in which military projects are assigned to private weapon developers so that they will create many jobs in the surrounding communities. In turn those weapon developers contribute vast amounts of money to the political campaigns of the congress people who voted for bills that would give contracts to them. If the Military would cut back in unnecessary usage of the budget, that extra money can be spent elsewhere, in places that will benefit the taxpayer. This money could be put into social programs such as social security, education, and health care. The defense industrys defense is that many jobs would be lost if such massive contracts werent around. But the truth is if the money were to be reinvested in education and health care those jobs wouldnt be lost, but instead recreated in other more important and more productive fields. Another reason for the cut in the militarys budget is to promote peace and not war. Currently billions of dollars are spent on weapons of destruction. How does this promote peace? It only provokes it. True our nations superior militaristic capabilities deter some countries from attacking, with the fear of not standing a chance against us. And so this brings peace, but what sort of peace is this. Resentment grows in countries that have no chance in battle with the USA. This sort of peace is what I call instilling sheer fear in our enemies. This creates resentment, fueling radicals that can do damage to our country in non-orthodox ways, such as terrorist acts. What our country should do is spend more time on the diplomatic tables, preventing wars from happening in the first place and not just stepping in once they happen. This would

moseum report essays

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Lewis and Clark Expedition essays

Lewis and Clark Expedition essays Big Car Companys treatment of its plant and equipment illustrates the historical cost principle. This principle requires the use of the exchange price at the time a transaction occurs to be the basis for initially recording assets. When Big Car capitalizes the cost of plant and equipment, it is debiting the asset account for the initial cost. Big Car uses the matching principle when it allocates the cost over the future periods. This principle states that expenses are associated with the revenues they helped the firm to earn. Big Car does that when it allocates cost over the future periods that benefit from the plant and equipment. The qualitative characteristic of verifiability is illustrated by the fact that Big Car Companys CPA firm agrees that Big Cars procedures are totally in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Verifiability means that two or more accountants looking at the same information would arrive at approximately the same result. Big Car is using materiality when it expenses plant and equipment that cost less than $500,000. Materiality allows firms to use an expedient method to handle amounts that are too small to affect user decisions. The plant and equipment meet the definition of an asset, so it is correct that Big Car records them as such. The definition says that assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of a past transaction. Big Cars plant and equipment meet all three parts of the definition. ...

Southeast Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Southeast Asia - Essay Example Therefore, Southeast Asia stands as typical case for examining the effectiveness of the theoretical models of democratic transition. In addition, the ethnically diverse countries of Southeast Asia are noted for their rapid economic development and corresponding political upheavals. In acknowledging the possibility of sustainable alternative regimes to democracy, this literature appears to significantly depart from modernization theory's linear conception of political development that was implicit in earlier transition theory. But how adept is this work in explaining, as opposed to characterizing, regimes that don't seem to conform to prevailing ideal types of authoritarianism or democracy What light can it shed on the particular paradox mentioned above And just how far has it shifted from the primary assumptions of modernization theory In part this is due to the persistent preoccupation with understanding how to achieve democratic transition. This tends to steer analysis away from a full understanding of the forces behind different regime directions in favor of prescriptions to correct democratic institutional deficiencies. A related problem is the narrow framework within which analysis is conducted, whereby institutions loom large but their relationships to wider power structures are either ignored or under-theorized. For this reason, much of the debate about preferred institutional design to promote or improve de mocracy within this literature may be informed by idealist, liberal optimism rather than a realistic assessment of the foundations and dynamics of regime power. This is not to deny attempts have been made to incorporate socio-economic and structural factors into analysis, but these have not been linked to any wider analysis of capitalist development and its implications for the exercise of power and related conflicts. Revisiting the Theories of Democratic Transition There are many contesting theoretical perspectives which attempt to explain the intricacies of political transition. It has been generally observed that theories of democratic transition are not really successful in explaining the process of political development in the postcolonial societies. However, the relationship between economic development and political transition against the experiences of third world countries could be explained using the existing theoretical frameworks of democratic transition with adequate alterations and modifications. Both Marxist and Weberian approaches are useful for this purpose as "the modern effort to relate changes in political regimes to changes in the underlying economic structures takes off largely from the grand theorizing of late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly that done by Karl Marx and Max Weber" (Crouch and Morley, 1993, p. 313). It does not mean that both Marxist and Weberian schools of thought are equally useful i n all the social contexts. Generally speaking, Marxist theories are more effective for analyzing the cases of developing countries which are locked in the mirage of war and imperialism. On the other hand, Weberian theories are commonly used for analyzing the political process of advanced industrial societies of the west as liberal democracy attained almost divine status in the West vis--vis the development of communism in the east. Lipset was a pioneering figure in bringing in the ideas of Weber for the analysis

Nuclear Power Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Nuclear Power - Assignment Example to Cravens and Rhodes (2008), developing nuclear power will lead to low cost of power because uranium, which is the key raw material of nuclear energy does not commonly experience frequent price fluctuations as compared to other fossil fuels. Secondly, nuclear power does not witness frequent interruptions as compared to hydroelectric power and Mahaffey (2011), further stated that it could run for more than 700 days uninterrupted. Thirdly, developing nuclear energy leads to less environmental pollution because they have a minimal emission of greenhouse gases. According to Cravens and Rhodes (2008), the main disadvantages of developing nuclear power stems from safety concerns that are attributed to the raw materials used in the development process and even the waste or by products that originate from nuclear power plants. For example Cravens and Rhodes (2008), stated that uranium that is used in developing nuclear energy is unstable and therefore its mining , transportation, and even transformation is a dangerous process of which in case of an accident the consequences can be grave. Secondly, the waste products that result from nuclear energy development are usually radioactive and hence if they find their way to the surrounding environment they can pose serious dangers to the health of the people, animals, and plants. Thirdly, in case of an accident at a nuclear power plant the consequences are usually grave and they can last for many years. According to Mahaffey (2011), the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster is one of the worst nuclear disasters in the World’s history, which was caused by a fire explosion at the nuclear power plant that lead to deaths, injuries, and the emissions of large quantities of radioactive particles that spread wide across the region. The disaster is still fresh in the minds of many since its effects are still evident up to date because of various cancer cases and deformities that are attributed to the 20th century accident. Mahaffey

Rohlinger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rohlinger - Essay Example Rohlinger is a very interesting piece especially due to the sexualized men images that are used to portray the economic state and the way they are designed to appeal the liberated women.Unlike in men, there is much contention on the advertising using women’ erotic images arguing that the message sent is not good. Many people do not resist the use of men’ erotic images in advertising. I am still fascinated by the theory that liberated women mean strong independent women as indicated in the piece of work. The target audience is important in the setting of such an advert and I feel that the sales would not surge up if the audience targeted is in a relationship. I also noted with much interest the role played by ‘gender roles’ in making of advertisements. In setting a cologne advert it was important noting the way men are made vulnerable and so they get the importance of owning the cologne.However, from my own point of view, I do not think that the adverts made using the erotic images can really coerce me to buy something. Say an advert for a burger, even if made by a sexy lady, that does not mean that I will go and buy it. Ladies like dolls and manufacturers have taken that as a good platform to make great sales. This way you find that even as age advances the ladies still remain glued to their dolls and having the real attachment with them. The question that arises is whether the manufacturers really care more than the sales they make from the same.

Witnessing the Paranormal by Using the Five Senses Essay

Witnessing the Paranormal by Using the Five Senses - Essay Example The reason scholars assume opposing positions on the paranormal is primarily because things that are paranormal do not have any empirical methods of being understood. This is why the possibility of witnessing the paranormal by using five senses has proven to be such a big challenge. Since paranormal activities are activities that transcend the normal, it is only natural for people to believe that perceiving anything paranormal requires some other senses other than the normal five senses. Thus, some persons have said that there are senses other than the five which have already been established. Contrastively, it would not hurt if one gave a chance to the argument about the possibility of perceiving the paranormal just through the normal five senses. It is logical for one to think that all human beings are normal and no human is extraordinary. Thus, those that have the capacity to perceive the paranormal, only do so by using their five senses. The argument may also be put forth that all humans are capable of using their normal senses to perceive the paranormal but only a few have been able to do so because these few are the one that have been able to effectively use their senses in ways others have not dared to (Westrum & Marcello 69; Wescott 13). These extra capabilities of these few may be placed side by side with the capability of some individuals to, for instance, pass in class more than others in an examination. As living beings, we are able to partake in life by putting into proper use the five senses which are natural to us. We have heard stories of people who at some points were disconnected from the normal processes or activities of life.

Research Methodology, Design & Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Research Methodology, Design & Process - Essay Example While the circumstances might seem extremely divergent, the necessity for speed and efficiency is universal to the healthcare profession and the ongoing need to increase the delivery of services at reduced cost. Thus, two commonly available drug treatment options are evaluated. SELECTION PROCESS In order to find articles of relevance, exhaustive searches of nursing journals, and surgical scientific journals were conducted to arrive at the two articles subject to critique. Same Day surgery and shock treatment are useful keywords. In some cases, when conducting extensive library research, online sources can easily supplement library searches beyond what can be achieved through the normal library reference system. If working in a library, a possible strategy is to identify the names of all journals that might possibly be relevant to the topic at hand, then using an online source to find the websites of those journals, as which time further searches can be conducted. Online searches of t he websites of technical journals can produce exact page numbers of articles relevant to any scientific topic, allowing the researcher to pinpoint the physical location of useful articles within the actual library. The articles chosen were felt to be highly relevant, both in terms of ongoing research and in regards to professional goals. CONTEMPORARY DAY SURGERY: PATIENTS' EXPERIENCE OF DISCHARGE AND RECOVERY Contemporary day surgery

Proofread recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proofread recommendation - Essay Example Thus, the normal ordinary high school student who has not yet developed met cognitive skill will see Jaehyeukas one-step above analysis and he is able to be clean in the understanding of what he does. In addition, because of the high degree of concentration and patience, that Jaehyeuk has and his logical reasoning skills and mathematical problem solving ability has provided him with top grades and he has been able to maintain these grades. Because of this, Jaehyeuk would be an excellent candidate to be a college student in the University. A high level of education receive at the school at bipyeongjunhwa() region among Parkjaehyeuk students than showed that anyone else could have academic enthusiasm and sincere efforts for high academic achievement, history, and mathematics. It is important to know how to think critically, have historical context, understand historical or social phenomenon and a distinct view of history based on the national history curriculum, and have a wide range o f knowledge and a lot of dokseoryang (). Korean history, which is organized by the National History Compilation Committee Language Proficiency Test Level 2 (5/10/2010) and Class 1 (08.25.2010) has acquired mathematical conjecture about any object, and the ability to find and prove an ability to excel in math curriculum and math internal problem-solving skills and the application of the problem-solving skills is outstanding. Gyeonggi () English communication skills certification class (11/06/2009), English, Chinese English courses and courses in higher interest acquired, many Chinese in China-related books for extensive reading in many areas, including China's political, cultural and economic attention to lessons and activities have been very actively and aggressively read. We are confident that these points right after college are important in a person’s lifelong research in the field they want to show enough ability in to do well. Autonomous, adaptive, and event activities i n the first year of basic life habits are well-guarded rules of the class, and training activities (04/01/2009 ~ 04/03/2009, balwangsan () members) involved in the natural protective cleanup activities have been very important. Grade 2 states that one should always comply with school regulations and I have been working diligently to maintaining a clean environment on campus. I have been interested to learn the culture and the natural ecology of the Jeju () Island through on-site experiential learning (03/01/2010 - 04/03/2010) and I actively participate in the activities. Third grade is a time when students are educated, well mannered, and they have a young man exercise. As the order practice, Fuyuan was engaged in his career to establish his own identity as a rational thinking, exploring, and on-site learning experience (05/19/2011). One must find development activities in the first year of activities in the 'Kanji -1' water supply was excellent to know the exact sound and meaning o f Chinese characters in Sino literacy classes which I found interesting. Through a discussion of activities in Grade 2 when 'reading Hanmun () discussing wealth, the book was selected for a presentation in front of many people through the process with confidence and hope. The degi (Hwang Sok-yong)' movie 'Peppermint Candy' provided a good personal insight and dismal history to show

Witnessing the Paranormal by Using the Five Senses Essay

Witnessing the Paranormal by Using the Five Senses - Essay Example The reason scholars assume opposing positions on the paranormal is primarily because things that are paranormal do not have any empirical methods of being understood. This is why the possibility of witnessing the paranormal by using five senses has proven to be such a big challenge. Since paranormal activities are activities that transcend the normal, it is only natural for people to believe that perceiving anything paranormal requires some other senses other than the normal five senses. Thus, some persons have said that there are senses other than the five which have already been established. Contrastively, it would not hurt if one gave a chance to the argument about the possibility of perceiving the paranormal just through the normal five senses. It is logical for one to think that all human beings are normal and no human is extraordinary. Thus, those that have the capacity to perceive the paranormal, only do so by using their five senses. The argument may also be put forth that all humans are capable of using their normal senses to perceive the paranormal but only a few have been able to do so because these few are the one that have been able to effectively use their senses in ways others have not dared to (Westrum & Marcello 69; Wescott 13). These extra capabilities of these few may be placed side by side with the capability of some individuals to, for instance, pass in class more than others in an examination. As living beings, we are able to partake in life by putting into proper use the five senses which are natural to us. We have heard stories of people who at some points were disconnected from the normal processes or activities of life.

Proofread recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proofread recommendation - Essay Example Thus, the normal ordinary high school student who has not yet developed met cognitive skill will see Jaehyeukas one-step above analysis and he is able to be clean in the understanding of what he does. In addition, because of the high degree of concentration and patience, that Jaehyeuk has and his logical reasoning skills and mathematical problem solving ability has provided him with top grades and he has been able to maintain these grades. Because of this, Jaehyeuk would be an excellent candidate to be a college student in the University. A high level of education receive at the school at bipyeongjunhwa() region among Parkjaehyeuk students than showed that anyone else could have academic enthusiasm and sincere efforts for high academic achievement, history, and mathematics. It is important to know how to think critically, have historical context, understand historical or social phenomenon and a distinct view of history based on the national history curriculum, and have a wide range o f knowledge and a lot of dokseoryang (). Korean history, which is organized by the National History Compilation Committee Language Proficiency Test Level 2 (5/10/2010) and Class 1 (08.25.2010) has acquired mathematical conjecture about any object, and the ability to find and prove an ability to excel in math curriculum and math internal problem-solving skills and the application of the problem-solving skills is outstanding. Gyeonggi () English communication skills certification class (11/06/2009), English, Chinese English courses and courses in higher interest acquired, many Chinese in China-related books for extensive reading in many areas, including China's political, cultural and economic attention to lessons and activities have been very actively and aggressively read. We are confident that these points right after college are important in a person’s lifelong research in the field they want to show enough ability in to do well. Autonomous, adaptive, and event activities i n the first year of basic life habits are well-guarded rules of the class, and training activities (04/01/2009 ~ 04/03/2009, balwangsan () members) involved in the natural protective cleanup activities have been very important. Grade 2 states that one should always comply with school regulations and I have been working diligently to maintaining a clean environment on campus. I have been interested to learn the culture and the natural ecology of the Jeju () Island through on-site experiential learning (03/01/2010 - 04/03/2010) and I actively participate in the activities. Third grade is a time when students are educated, well mannered, and they have a young man exercise. As the order practice, Fuyuan was engaged in his career to establish his own identity as a rational thinking, exploring, and on-site learning experience (05/19/2011). One must find development activities in the first year of activities in the 'Kanji -1' water supply was excellent to know the exact sound and meaning o f Chinese characters in Sino literacy classes which I found interesting. Through a discussion of activities in Grade 2 when 'reading Hanmun () discussing wealth, the book was selected for a presentation in front of many people through the process with confidence and hope. The degi (Hwang Sok-yong)' movie 'Peppermint Candy' provided a good personal insight and dismal history to show

Sports drink market in India Essay Example for Free

Sports drink market in India Essay With the changing trends in society and globalization Energy drinks market in India may show a rapid growth in coming years but for now it is at a nascent stage. Through various studies and research on Indian and British sports and energy drinks market we found out that Red Bull has the most share in this market. Through studies it has been found out that consuming energy drinks can have physical as well as psychological effects on the human body. Studies show that it can have positive effects like improvement in mental and congenital abilities and increased subjective awareness. Excess consumption can lead to various problems like insomnia, agitation, anxiety, irritability. Our objective through this assignment is to successfully launch a sports drink in the Indian market and market it using our knowledge gained from the market study and our own intellect. In this project are lay down different marketing strategies by how we can promote our product and stand against our competitors. SPORTS ENERGY DRINK MARKET IN INDIA MARKET FOR SPORTS DRINK IN INDIA TRENDS. According to the value calculated in 2012, sports and energy drink market in India grew by 17% whereas in 2011 it grew by 18%. The main reason to this decline was increasing awarness about the side effects of sports drinks. In june 2012 FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) announced that sports drinks will be renamed as â€Å"cafifeinated bevergaes†. Burn and Red Bull surpass the max. limit of caffein to be present in carbonated beverage hence they were put under the category of caffeinated beverages. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE. Red Bull is the leading seller having 72% off-trade share within energy and sports drinks in 2012. Second place goes to pepsico having an 11% off-trade value share. However Red Bull was not allowed to be sold in Tamil Nadu due to regulatory changes in sports and energy drinks in 2012. PROSPECTUS Sports drinks in India is still at a nascent stage but might become a part of the changing trends of society and urbanization. However, sales of these drinks could be negatively impacted by regulations and enforcement of statutory warnings. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) announcement that these products should be renamed as caffeinated beverages may lead to decline in sales of brands such as Red Bull and Burn. (Source : http://www. euromonitor. com/sports-and-energy-drinks-in-india/report) COCA-COLA TO LAUNCH A SPORTS DRINK IN INDIAN MARKET The world leaders of beverage drinks Coca-Cola are eager to launch their new product in the Indian Market. The America based company has come up with a sports drink named Godzilla which is to be launched in the market by end of November 2013. It is being manufactured by Hindustan Coca-Cola Pvt. Ltd. Which has it’s plant in Okhla Industrial Area, U. P. M. S. Dhoni, the Indian prodigy will be the brand ambassador for Godzilla and will be used in promotional Activities and advertisements. TARGET MARKET AND MARKETING STATERGY The research indicated that people in India do not prefer to have energy drink. Only 23% of the population prefers to consume the brand. The most important factors affection the buying decision were found to be health safety, price, lack of awareness and preference of other beverages. It was also found that 1. 66% of the energy market consists of male consumers. 2. 20-30 age group people was found to be growing rapidly and turning out to be potential buyers having an average income of 3-5 lacs. 3. The awareness about the energy drink among people is average 60-67% except age group 25-30 having an average income of more than 5 lacs (Awareness 80%). 4. People prefer to have energy occasionally (parties, social gathering etc) with soft drink or neat Sunadulterated. 5. People like to drink mostly in home or restaurants and 44% of the respondents feel that in the future energy drinks can compete with popular beverages like soft drinks, juices and other non-alcoholic beverages. (Source: http://www. technopak. com/Files/Energy_Drinks. pdf) MARKET OF ENERGY DRINKS IN U. K. RESEARCH METHADOLOGY LOCATION FREQUENCY PERCENT CUMILATIVE % RETAIL STORES 5 16% 94% GYMS 3 6% 66% CLUBS 3 10% 60% JOGGERS PARK 1 3% 69% RESTAURANTS 4 15% 91% SPORTS CLUB 3 9% 100% CAFE 2 7% 76% TOTAL 29 100%. The survey indicates that people prefer having sports drink in home and sports club Which leads to the possibility of the brand being promoted in the friend circle and family. This will be our target market. VALUE FOR MONEY (Indian Customers) VALUE FOR MONEY FREQUENCY PERCENT Yes 6 21% No 12 40% Can’t Say 11 39% TOTAL 29 100% The Indian customers are very price sensitive and look for value for money when they purchase a product. The high price of energy drinks is the main drawback in promoting and positioning this brand in India.

Duke Ellingtons Contribution To American Jazz Film Studies Essay

Duke Ellingtons Contribution To American Jazz Film Studies Essay The famous U.S. jazz musician known as Duke Ellington was born on April 29, 1989 to two musician parents who both played the piano. His legal name at birth was Edward Kennedy Ellington, and the nickname Duke was one he acquired from childhood friends who believed that the way he dressed and the manner in which he carried himself gave him a regal appearance. (Wikipedia, 2013). While he himself eschewed the use of the term jazz to define the kind of music he played, opting instead to refer to it as simply American music, critics have repeatedly identified him as one of the seminal figures in the development of jazz, which is often identified as one of the few authentically U.S.-developed musical forms. (Biography, 2013). Ellington was an African-American and his maternal grandmother was an ex-slave. His own introduction to music in a formal sense occurred when he was seven years old, with him commencing piano lessons. His passion for music was intense, even during his youth and he is recorded as having written his first song, :Soda Fountain Rag, which some called Poodle Dog Rag, in 1914 at a time when he was personally working at a soda fountain at a restaurant known as the Poole Dog Cafe. At the time, his formal music training did not include the reading and writing of music notes on paper. He was to develop those skills later in life. (Wikipedia, 2013). As a young man, in addition to the restaurant job, he worked at the games of the Washington, D.C. Senators baseball team as a peanut vendor. Other recreations included playing pool, and it was there that he encountered many contemporary piano players who provided entertainment there, utilizing a variety of styles, including ragtime. It was only then that he started to entertain the notion that he might himself become a professional musician. Ellington himself described both his early life and his musical career in an autobiography he published in 1973 entitled Music is my Mistress. (Ellington, 1976). By the summer of 1916, he declined to pursue an offered scholarship to study art in Brooklyn, New York at the Pratt Institute, preferring instead to provide musical entertainment in various small venues in and around Washington, D.C. for money, although the amounts earned were relatively meager compared to the success he was to experience later in life. He continued, for a time, to attend commercial art classes at the Armstrong Manual Training School, but abandoned those studies a mere 90 day or so before a scheduled graduation. (Ellington, 1976). It was after that occurred that he summoned up the courage to assemble small groups of musicians to band together to play for dances and other social events, while working on the side as a sign painter to augment his otherwise meager income. His first more permanent formal band was formed in 1917 and was known as The Dukes Serenaders, who were described as Colored Syncopators in an ad he took out in the then relatively new media of the local telephone directory. (Ellington, 1976) Because Washington, D.C. was the capitol of the U.S., Ellington also managed to survive economically in those early years by working as a messenger for the State Department and U.S. Navy. Later, his band would become quite a local hit playing at parties put on by foreign embassies located in the capitol as well as for society dances and balls. While this was an era where there was still much segregation in the U.S., his group did manage to play to both white and African-American audiences, which was unusual at the time. (Wikipedia, 2013). Ellington got married on July 2, 1918 to Edna Thompson, who had attended the same high school as he did, and they had a son, Mercer Kennedy Ellington, himself a musician skilled in the use of both the piano and trumpet, who at times operated as the business manager for his fathers more successful group while also running his own band. (Wikipedia, 2013). Looking back on his career, which only ended with his death on May 24, 1974 from lung cancer and pneumonia, music critics widely agree that his influence helped raise the regard of jazz among other forms of music in the U.S. At the time of his death, despite his advanced age and ill health, he was continuing to actively work as an orchestra leader. He did not exclusively play jazz. however, and at times delved into the areas of classical, popular, gospel and blues music, as well as composing scores for popular motion pictures. As the U.S. recording industry took off, Ellington and his groups recorded music for many companies, while continuing to tour widely and play live. In 1924 alone, Duke Ellington released eight records, indicating the beginning of a very fertile period for him that continued almost unabated until his death. (Wikipedia, 2013). Ellington became a seminal figure in the so-called Harlem Renaissance and gradually expanded the size of his musical group, with it becoming the house band in the legendary Cotton Club in Harlem, New York in 1927. Ellingtons fame grew and he was widely known for playing the bugle at the end of many performances. Radio broadcasts of his music live from the club helped him develop an audience that stretched nationwide and encompassed many people who had never seen him perform live in New York. (Biography, 2013). A song that Duke Ellington recorded with his orchestra and Adelaide Hall in the fall of 927, entitled Creole Love Call became a runaway hit, selling widely through the world, and firmly establishing Ellington and his group as star musicians. (Wikipedia, 2013) Ultimately, Ellington became perhaps best known for expanding the concept of the small jazz band, playing only in tiny nightclubs, to a full big band experience, with his group becoming a full orchestra with him as the leader. The size and scope of the group gave Ellington much more latitude to experiment with new musical pathways and attempt things never tried before. (Wikipedia, 2013). His versatility was shown by the fact that he recorded for numerous recording labels, often at the same time, an unusual thing. He sometimes would create different versions of the same compositions for inclusion on records for the different companies. (Wikipedia, 2013). He obtained even broader popularity after appearing at the prestigious Newport Jazz Festival, where his orchestras performance was met by the audiences passionate acclaim, and went on long as the festival organizers had planned to shut things down. The result was worldwide frenzied publicity, including Duke Ellingtons appearance on the front cover of Time magazine, and Ellingtons best-selling recording of his entire career, Ellington at Newport.(Wikipedia, 2013). One area where he experienced a rare lack of success was his inability to breakthrough in the new medium of television, where jazz was somewhat ignored as a form of music. But both his live performances and his popular recordings continued throughout his life. His musical career spanned the Great Depression, the Second World War, the 1950s, the turbulent 1960s with the explosion of the civil rights movement and the conflict over the Vietnam war, and the Watergate Era of Richard Nixon. Throughout those changing times, Duke Ellingtons commitment to experiment with his music and burst through staid conventions of form and length remained the one constant thing, raising the standard high for other jazz musicians to try to emulate. Critics believe that there are few, if any, figures in the development of American jazz more important and more central than Duke Ellington. (Wikipedia, 2013). Ellingtons root strength was as a skilled jazz pianist, but he is often more remembered for his orchestral arrangements and composing of both jazz and other popular musical pieces. His group for the bulk of his career was known simply as the Duke Ellington Orchestra and it continues to tour the world today under the aegis of his son, who serves as the archivist for his fathers rich legacy. (Wikipedia, 2013). Duke Ellingtons contributions to American music were recognized by no fewer than twelve Grammy awards, starting with his first one in 1959 with three awards for music he composed and performed for Anatomy of a Murder, a major motion picture. He composed and performed music for a number of other motion pictures. Most of these awards, however, were for jazz performances and compositions, with three of the awards given after his death, including the last one in 1999 for the historical jazz album The Duke Ellington Centennial Edition, collecting the recordings he made for the RCA Victor company from 1927-1973. He received a special Grammy Lifetime Achievement award in 1966. (Biography, 2013). Nine of his recordings were also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, starting with Black and Tan Fantasy in 1928 and concluding with Far East Suite in 1967. His 1932 jazz hit It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing) was also inducted, was highly popular worldwide, and is still widely played today. He was also given a Special Citation by the Pulitzer Prize Committee after his death, and received a U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969. He was also inducted into the French Legion of Honor in 1973. (Wikipedia, 2013).

Psychological Egoism Essay -- Psychology Psychological Essays

Psychological Egoism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The descriptive claim made by Psychological Egoists is that humans, by nature, are motivated only by self-interest. Any act, no matter how altruistic it may seem on the outside is actually only a disguise for a selfish desire such as recognition, avoiding guilt, reward or sense of personal ‘goodness’ or morality. For example, Mother Teresa is just using the poor for her own long-term spiritual gain. Being a universal claim, it could falter with a single counterexample. And being that I believe this claim to be bunk I will tell you why!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I help a friend out of trouble, there is a chance that I would feel happy afterwards. But was that happiness the motive for my actions or just the result? I didn’t save my friend in order to feel good; rather, I feel...

Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Flies is about a mini-society of boys formed by chance. Their isolation from adults forced reality upon them and so they had to think for themselves and work together. As a commentary of today's society it does well to explain some of today's issues like violence, laws, pride, greed, fear, religious power and the conflict between living in a civilised society or savagery. It is all about the choice the boys made when life became real. In the beginning their lives were controlled and protected by their parents, teachers and police officers. Jack cannot kill the pig even though he can eat meat because of the "enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh." (p 41). Roger cannot hit the boys with the stones even though he could if he wanted to because he has been conditioned by the society he used to live in. This is the type of society the children live in. Everything is a game until the beast. The beast signals the end of the games and start of reality. Lives are at stake in perspective of the boys and survival must occur in any form. Our society is much like this as today's society is also about survival and what choices we make to survive. The mini-society started off peaceful. The purpose was to set a signal fire and live off fruit until help came. The conflict came when the fire and hunting could not be committed to at the same time. As the fire was a 24 hour task and hunting needed the whole party, the party started to take sides. Ralph's fire would be the sensible thing to do to get rescued however hunting would lift the standard of living for all the boys and would also be a luxury, recreational event. The fire was hard work and immediate results were none even though long-term results would be better. The hunting side wins eventually. In Australia today we are spending beyond our ability to afford this spending. This means we have a great influx of goods and services but as a community we are cheating ourselves as this leads to a current account deficit and the cost of living in this deficit must be paid plus the deficit. In this book's case, the deficit was their morals and the interest was paid in life.

Irony in Poetry

Irony is the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. It is used throughout poetry and allows the reader to analyze and differentiate what seems, and what actually is. There are different types of irony including verbal, situational, and dramatic. Irony can be used in the titles of poems, or in themes and messages throughout them. There are many ways to interpret poetry, so irony is a powerful way of making a pointed comment or manipulating a reader's emotions. Verbal irony, sometimes referred to as sarcasm, often occurs in the title of a poem, and is in direct contrast with the contents of the poem. The Unknown Citizen† written by W. H Auden is an excellent example of this. They irony of the title, is that right under it, you read a person's social security number, followed by the rest of the poem which goes into great detail about specific things in a man life. â€Å"When there was peace, he was for peace; when there was war, he went. He was married and added five children to the population, which our Eugenist says was the right number for a parent of his generation. † Here lies the discrepancy between the title, and the contents of this poem.The theme of this poem demonstrates the power of the state, and the powerlessness of an individual. Auden uses irony in the title of this poem to validate the theme. Situational irony occurs when the situation itself contradicts the readers expectations. In the poem â€Å"Porphyria's Lover† by Robert Browning, situational irony is displayed. When the reader interprets the title of this poem, they would most likely expect it to be about two lovers. but when they go on to read the poem, they realize that â€Å"the meeting of two lovers ironically results not in joy and passion, but in murder. (501) â€Å"That moment she was mine, mine, fair, perfectly pure and good: I found a thing to do, and all her hair in one long yellow string I wound three times her little throat around, and strangled her. No pain felt she, I am quite sure she felt no pain. â€Å"(36-42) What the reader expects initially is love, which is demonstrated here by his somewhat gentleness in killing her, hoping she feels no pain, but then followed by the fact that he did murder her, which lovers do not do to each other. Dramatic irony occurs when the reader is aware of more than the character in the narrative.The reader possibly sees the significance of a characters actions before the actual character does. Again, â€Å"Porphyria's Lover† is a poem that also exhibits dramatic irony. By the end of this poem, the reader is aware that the main character is a psychopathic killer, however, he is completely unaware that his actions were wrong. After he murders Porphyria, believing that he had fulfilled her wish to be with him forever, he â€Å"warily oped her lids: again laughed the blue eyes without a stain. And I untightened next the tress about her neck; her cheek once more blushed brig ht beneath my burning kiss. (44-48) The speaker in in this poem is telling his story in a nonchalant, unemotional manner, while the reader in continuously coming to terms with the fact that the speaker is an upset maniac. Irony can be used in poetry to make a point, or to evoke a particular emotion or reaction. Sometimes it can be hard to identify, but can ultimately change the way you interpret a poem. Irony, in all its forms, has become an important literacy technique. You can see irony in one, two or all three forms throughout one single poem.

Introduction to Internet Addiction

Introduction to Internet Addiction Ten years ago, the only people who spent a majority of their leisure time on the computer were paid members of the technology industry. Today, however, surfing the Web has become a pastime as social and marketable as bar hopping or going to the movies. As the web has become a part of mainstream life, some mental health professionals have noted that a percentage of people using the web do so in a compulsive and out-of-control manner.In one extreme (1997)  Cincinnati case, unemployed mother Sandra Hacker allegedly spent over 12 hours a day secluded from her three young and neglected children while she surfed the Web. For better or for worse, this phenomena of compulsive Internet use has been termed ‘Internet Addiction' based on its superficial similarity to common addictions such as smoking, drinking, and gambling. Internet Addiction has even been championed as an actual disorder, notably by psychologists Kimberly Young, Ph. D and David Greenf ield, Ph. D.. However, at this time the true nature of Internet Addiction is not yet determined.In a true addiction, a person becomes compulsively dependent upon a particular kind of stimulation to the point where obtaining a steady supply of that stimulation becomes the sole and central focus of their lives. The addict increasingly neglects his work duties, relationships and ultimately even his health in his drive to remain stimulated. In some cases of addiction (such as addiction to alcohol or to heroin), a phenomenon known as tolerance occurs, wherein more and more stimulation is required to produce the same pleasurable effect.A related phenomena, withdrawal, can also occur, wherein the addicted person comes to be dependent upon their source of stimulation and experiences dramatically unpleasant (and even potentially lethal — as can be the case with alcohol) reactions when he goes without it. Sources of addictive stimulation can be chemical (as is the case with addictive d rugs such as alcohol, cocaine, nicotine and heroin), sensual (as in sex) or even informational (as in gambling or workaholism).What all sources of addictive stimulation have in common is that they provoke a strong, usually positive (at first) reaction in the potential addict, who then seeks out the source of that stimulation so as to obtain that feeling on a regular basis. While many people like to engage in sexual relations, or gamble, or have the occasionally drink because of the pleasure to be had, clearly not all people who do so are addicts. Rather, the term ddiction only applies when someone's stimulation seeking gets to the point where it starts interfering with their ability to function normally and non-neglectfully at work and in relationships. Mental health professionals are split as to whether or not Internet addiction is real. No one disputes that some people use the Internet in a compulsive manner even to a point where it interferes with their their ability to function at work and in social relationships. What is disputed is whether people can become addicted to the Internet itself, or rather to the stimulation and information that the web provides.The controversy surrounding Internet Addiction is precisely whether people become addicted to the net itself, or to the stimulation to be had via the net (such as online gambling, pornography or even simple communication with others via chat and bulletin boards). Some psychologists do not believe in addiction to the Internet itself, but rather in addiction to stimulation that the Internet provides. They suggests that new Internet users often show an initial infatuation with the novelty of the Web, but eventually lose interest and decrease their time spent online back to a normal, healthy amount.Those users who do go on to show compulsive Internet utilization, for the most part become compulsive only with regard to particular types of information to be had online, most often gambling, pornography, chat r oom or shopping sites. This is not an addiction to the Internet itself, but rather to risk-taking, sex, socializing or shopping. In essence then, the chief addictive characteristic of the Internet is its ability to enable instant and relatively anonymous social stimulation. Addicted† Internet users are addicted to a favored kind of social stimulation and not to the Internet itself, although it is also true that the Internet has made it vastly easier and more convenient for someone to develop such a compulsion. Because the Internet is used by many people as a normal part of their career or education, knowing how to separate excessive from normal use becomes difficult and cannot be accomplished using simple measures such as amount of time spent online in a given period. Most fundamental in differentiating normal from problem Internet use is the experience of compulsion to use the net.Normal users, no matter how heavy their usage, do not  need  to get online and do not neglec t their occupational duties or their relationships with family and friends to get online. Help for Internet related addiction is available from multiple sources. Anyone concerned about serious problem Internet usage should consider consulting with a local licensed psychologist, social worker or counselor, specifically one with experience treating addictions. Cognitive therapy based approaches are recommendable due to their systematic and direct focus on reducing problem use and preventing relapse, and the strong scientific support for the approach.Marital and or family therapy approaches may be useful as well when an individual's Internet Addiction is affecting their larger family system (such as might be the case when a husband uses Internet-based pornography as his sole sexual outlet, leaving his wife frozen out). More than a few books and self-help resources (such as audio tape sets) are also available for those who want to educate themselves on the problem. Our Internet Addictio n Treatment article provides further detail.

Credit rating agencies should be regulated more strictly to prevent Essay

Credit rating agencies should be regulated more strictly to prevent conflict of interest, but also should allow more new credit agencies to have more objective opinions - Essay Example They have helped financial market fairly well giving out expert opinions to public investors. However, duDuring the financial crisis, three big credit rating agencies, S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch were condemned for precipitating the crisis giving high credit rate to CDOs, which were defaulted. Since then, ratings of the agencies became controversial and financial regulators have sought to ways to impose more regulations on those ratings. Few agencies dominating the rating industry, they are holding too much power in rating market. This settlement allowed only few rates in financial market. If situation keep remain in the rating industry, more financial crisis will happen in near future. Thus, to avoid another critical situation, it is necessary to regulate credit rating agencies more strictly, but also necessary to broaden the market allowing more participants. In the beginning of the industry, credit agencies’ rates had positive impact on financial markets. At that time, many people who didn’t have financial knowledge had difficulties in choosing where to invest their money. The companies who solved the problems were credit rating agencies. They were consisted of financial experts and analyzed companies and gave easily understandable â€Å"ABC† rates. According to them, high credit rating which was closer to â€Å"As† rates indicates that the borrower has a low probability of defaulting on debt, and conversely low credit rating indicates that the borrower has a high probability of defaulting. Investors could get helped in deciding the companies to invest relying on those rates. Essentially, what they have done is facilitating investments by giving easily understandable reliable sources to judge risk of investments. These rates have had a huge impact on financial markets. Since credit agencies have developed and settled in the financial industry, a lot of investors

Human Resources - High performance work Practices Essay

Human Resources - High performance work Practices - Essay Example â€Å"High performance work places or organisations (HPWOs) are organisations that are moving towards a flatter and less hierarchical structure, where people work in teams with greater autonomy.† (Tamkin, 2004). But, sometimes the organisation will not be able to provide High performance work places due to various factors. This will surely bring down the level of performance among the employees to bare minimum. The important aspect is, the performance levels of the employees have to be kept at optimal levels or high levels, so that the employees exhibit optimum productivity. So, this paper will look at how the employees’ performance can be heightened by optimizing the High performance work places, thereby aiding the employers as well as the employees, kind of win-win solution: benefiting both the employers and the employees Once a common, feasible and effective High performance work places is created, different employees can be focused on a single goal and thereby increasing their performance level. As any organisation will be a hotbed of human activity, it could give rise to groups and subgroups, which will eventually share enough experience to create subcultures based on occupational, national, and uniquely historic experiences. Once such differentiation has taken place, the organisation’s task is to find ways of coordinating, aligning, or integrating the different subcultures into common culture by making them work in a common organisational atmosphere. So, performance among the employees can be optimized at the outset itself, only if the leader or manager of the organisation provides the employees a favourable High performance work place with a common organisational culture, focusing on a single target. â€Å"Support culture, which include performance operations and people management proces ses, aligned to organisational objectives to build trust, enthusiasms and commitment.† (Tamkin, 2004). The trait of

Research Design and Methods Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Design and Methods - Coursework Example Research according to Jupp (2006) entails exploration, analysis, interpretation and the creation of understanding of varied phenomena which are educational in nature, and pertains a formalized and gradual occurrence of social, cultural and psychological processes. This implies that it deals with educational concerns in which there are possibilities of carrying out satisfactory investigation. Similarly, â€Å"†¦the methods which enable such satisfactory investigations and the utility of the results emanating from the investigation are important.† (Dash 1993). The theoretical questions in education result from varied concepts and social understandings of the same. For this reasons, a number of varied paradigms have been brought forward to explain the criteria depending on the methodology selected and the definitions of the concerns for the inquiry. A paradigm, according to Kuhn (1962) â€Å"†¦an integrated cluster of substantive, concepts, variables and problems attached with corresponding methodological approach and tools† (p.52). Positivism paradigm- The paradigm explores social reality and is anchored on ideas of August Conte, a French philosopher. Conte postulates that the two key aspects of observation and reason inform the understanding of human behavior. He underscores the knowledge is based on sensual experience which is obtained through experimentation and observation. His scientific method is, therefore, used by positivistic thinkers to generate knowledge. There are a number of assumptions under the positivism, which are vital in helping to understand the paradigm. However, these assumptions at some point have been considered as separate paradigms of their own. They include; the assumption of ‘Parsimony’, the assumption of ‘Empiricism’ the assumption of ‘Generality’ and the assumption of ‘Determinism’ which form the framework within which the paradigm is

Product Costing - Traditional Methods and Activity Based Research Paper

Product Costing - Traditional Methods and Activity Based - Research Paper Example By doing this they maintain zero inventory of building parts or what is called as raw materials (RM). Dell enjoys a loyal customer trust globally. One of the reasons for this is that the base prices of their laptops and other products are practically the same across continents. Product pricing at Dell is a serious and well thought over process through strong market research and consumer inputs. Based on the marketing debrief the research and development (R&D) center starts developmental activities on the consumer centric product. The engineers work under the strict constrict of the product cost based on the marketing requirement. The first level of product cost brainstorming is between the marketing, sales and engineers at the R&D. All quality cost parameters namely prevention, appraisal and failure (both internal and external) are considered. In the six sigma jargon another cost is considered, cost of poor quality (Juran, 1988). Dell as an organization completely negates this hidden quality cost. The costing activity of consumer goods in my organization follows the above mentioned steps towards deciding pricing of a bathing soap. The main ingredients of a bathing bar are soap noodles, fragrance, permitted colors and fillers. The cost of a 100 g net weight of bathing bar is $1.5.

Market Research Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Research Paper - Coursework Example This paper will focus on the most significant market research, which the Mander Portman Woodward college business could employ to improve its collection of market research data. Types of research data Market research refers to gathering and analysis of data or information concerning customers, competitors and, or the effectiveness of the business marketing programs. Small-scale business owners conduct market research to evaluate the feasibility of the newly established business, preferences in new services and products, improve the business aspects like consumer services, channels of distribution of products and establish competitive strategies. In this case, the college carries out a market research to enable it to make decisions to respond effectively to the need of customers, and increase their profit. The research is also significant for the college to acquire accurate information about competitors and customers that necessitate the development of a solid marketing plan (Brace, 2 004). The college has to be conversant with their market niche, and the benefit they offer to the market. Market research aids the college hone in the marketplace and directs their operations in relation to the market segment that targets their products and services. The college utilizes both primary and secondary types of market research for data collection. ... Preliminary interactive meetings between the lower-sixth form students, their teachers and parents at the start of every summer term, discussions concerning university application and entrance, student seminars, and student interviews among others are all sources of primary data utilized by the school. It also utilizes secondary data from published examination results, such as, the academic year reports that provide significant information about the performance of the school and the challenges that need to be addressed to improve its general performance. Market research methods The key role of market research is to analyze the requirements of a certain target market, acceptability of services, competition as well as means of establishing and exploiting existing and new markets. Before conducting the research, a comprehensive understanding of the core problem that needs to be solved, the application of market research procedures and the market itself is significant (Grove and Vriens, 2006). The main reason for conducting market research in the school is to achieve a wider understanding of the methods of improving the school performance, and increasing the number of students who pursue the competitive courses. The three methods of research that could be appropriate for the school include primary research, secondary research, focused groups and student interviews. The school could use primary market research to collect original data relevant to the requirements of the students, staff and parents. Primary research entails both quantitative and qualitative categories of research. Quantitative research is based on numerical, statistical analysis and demand measurement of market